API 580 Preparatory Training – API 580 Question

API 580 Question 

API 580 Preparatory Training in India

1.Types of nozzle

  • Radial nozzle: a nozzle, which is perpendicular to base of the shell or dished end lies on the orientation line is called radial nozzle.
  • Offset nozzle : a nozzle, which is similar to radial nozzle but offset form orientation line , is called as offset nozzle.
  • Tangential nozzle : a nozzle, which is on any tangential line of the shell, is called tangential nozzle.
  • Angular nozzle : a nozzle, which is at an angle form the reference line, is called as angular nozzle.

2.supports for vessel

Vessel have to be supported by different methods. Vertical vessel is supported by bracket, column and saddle  support horizontal vessels. The choice of the type of supports depends on the

  • Height and diameter of the vessel,
  • Available floor space,
  • Location of vessel

    Types of supports which are commonly used

  • Skirt supports
  • Saddle supports
  • Bracket or lug supports
  • Leg supports

3.What is design of skirt supports ?

  • Tall vertical vessels are usually supported by cylindrical shell or skirts.
  • The skirts are welded to the bottom dished head, or outside of the shell.
  • A bearing plate is attached to the bottom of the skirts. This plate is made to rest on concrete foundation and is securely anchored to the foundation by means of anchor bolts in concrete prevent over turning form the moments induced by wind or seismic loads.
  • The bearing plate is in the form of rolled angle or a single flat ring with or without gussets.

4.Design of saddle supports

  • Horizontal cylindrical vessel are supported on saddles. Theses are placed as two positions.
  • For large thin wall vessel or vessels under vacuum, it is necessary to provides ring supports.
  • The location of the saddle supports should be equal form the centerline of the vessel or equal distance form the tan line of the both side of vessel

5.Design of bracket or lug type supports

  • These type  can be easily fabricated form the plate and attach with the vessel wall with minimum welding length. They are made to rest on short columns or on beams of a structure depending on the elevation required. They can be easily leveled.
  • Bracket supports are most suitable for vessel with thick walls.
  • The main loads on the brackets supports are the dead weight of the vessel with its content and the wind load.

6.Design of leg supports

  • Structural sections such as angle, channels can be directly welded  to the pressure vessel shell to form vertical legs the legs is attached to the vessel by fillet welds.
  • This type of support is use for small vessels. Several local stresses are produced at the connection of the support to the vessel wall

7.describe the lodes ?

  • Internal and external pressure including static head. Weight of vessel and normal contents under operating or test conditions.
  • Superimposed loads, such as other vessel operating equipment, insulation, corrosion resistance or erosion resistant lining and piping.
  • Wind loads, snow loads and earthquake loads.

8.why corrosion  allowance is required in shell plates.

  • Vessel and part there of subject to loss of metal by corrosion , erosion , mechanical abrasions or other environmental effect shall have provisions made for such loss during the design or specified life of the vessel by a suitable increase in or addition tool a thickness of the base metal over that determined by the design formula or stress analysis.

9.why corrosion allowance is required in shell plate ?

  • Material added an included for these losses need not be of the same thickness for all parts of the vessel.
  • If different rates of attack are excepted for the various parts.
  • No additional thickness need be provided when previous experience in like service as soon that corrosion does not occur or is of only a superficial nature .

10.Why required lining in the shell ?

  • Corrosion resistance or abrasion resistance lining are these not integrally attach to the vessel wall.
  • They are intermittently attach or not attach at all .
  • In either case, such lining shell not be given any credit when calculating the thickness of the vessel wall.

11.defination of the design pressure.

  • Design pressure is the pressure at the top of the vessel and which together with the applicable co incident( metal.) Temperature is stamped on the name plate.
  • The pressure at the top of the vessel is also the basis for the pressure setting of the pressure relief device protecting the vessel.

12.defination of the design temperature?

The temperature used in the design shall be based on the actual metal temperature expected under operating condition for the part considered at the designated coincident pressure.

13.definition of the operating pressure?

The operating pressure is the pressure at the top of the vessel at which it normally operators. The operating pressure shall not exceed the design pressure and is usually kept at a suitable level bellow it to prevent the frequent opening of the pressure relieving devices.

14.defination of the test pressure ?

The test pressure is the pressure to be applied at the top of the vessel during the test . This pressure +any pressure due to static head at any point under consideration is used in the applicable formula to check the vessel under test condition.

15.which details gives in title block ?

Stage inspection name, scale, department name, project name & number, drawing number, revision, client name, manufacturer name, file name etc.

16.which data indicates in design data?

Design & construction code, design pressure, design temperature, operating pressure & temperature, hydro test temperature, corrosion allowance, radiography, joint efficiency, seismic code, wind data code is 875 specific gravity, post weld hest treatment etc.

17.what is the objective of  stress analysis ?

  1. To ensure that the in piping components in the system are within allowable limits
  2. To solves dynamic problems developed due to mechanical vibration, fluid hammer, pulsation, relief valves, etc.

18.what are the steps involved in stress analysis ?

  • identify the potential loads that the piping system would encounter during the life of the plant
  • relate each of these loads to the stresses and strains developed
  • get the cumulative effect of the potential loads in the system
  • deside the allowable limits the system can withstand with failure as per code
  • after the systems is designed to ensure that the stresses are within safe limits

19.what are the different types of stresses that may get generated within pipe during normal operation ?

Axial stresses (tensile / compressive), shear stresses, radial stresses, hoops stresses.

20.How are the loads classified in stress analysis package ?

Sustained loads, b. Occasion loads, c. Displacement load

21.What are the source of sustained loads generated in piping system ?

Pressure b. Dead weight of pipe and attachments

Sustained load is calculated as

Weight of pipe with fluid + pressure load + load due to springs

W + p1

22.How do you calculate the operating load ?

W + p1 +  t1

T1- load due to  thermal expansion.

23.Give some example for occasional loads.

Wind, wave, earthquake

24.Mention some of primary loads.

Dead weight, pressure, forces due to relief or blow down, force due to water hammer effects.

  25.what is the ASME code followed for design of piping systems  in    process   piping ?

B 31.3

26.While welding of pipe trunion to pipe/reinforcement pad you have to put a hole or leave some portion of  welding why ?

For venting of hot gas which may get generated due to welding

27.what should be the radius of long radius elbow?

1.5 d

28.Normally where do we use the following ?

Eccentric reducers & concentric reducers

1.eccentric reducer = pump suction to avoid cavitations, to maintain       elevation in rack

2.concentric  reducers = pump discharge, vertical pipe line etc

29.What do you mean by NPSH ?

Net positive suction  head.

30.what is  the thumb rule to calculate  current required for welding ?

Current(amp) = [ diameter of electrode (mm) *40] +20

31.what  is  the  thumb  rule to calculate  spanner size for given bolt ?

1.5 * diameter  of the bolt.

32.which piping items will you  drop down before conducting flushing and     hydro test ?

Ans: item like control valve, orifice plates, rot meters, safety valve, thermo wells are dropped or replaced with temporary spool  hydro test.

33.Why do we provide a dampner in the piping of reciprocating pump ?

To take care of pulsation.

34.Why do we provide full bore valve in connecting pipeline of launcher/ receiver ?

For  pigging.

35.what is the astm code for the following ?

1.cs pipe = a106  gr.b

2.cs fitting  =a 234 gr. Wpb/wpbw

3.cs flanges  = a105

  1. As pipe = a 335 gr. P1/p11

36.Which parameters will u check during checking piping isometrics ?

Bill of material, pipe routing wrt gad, supporting arrangement, details of insulation, hydro test pressure, painting specs, and provision of vent and drains at appropriate location.

37.What is the ansi/ASME dimensional standard for steel flange & fitting?

B 16.5

38.how can  flanges be classified based on facing ?

Flat face, raised face, tongue and groove, ring type joint

39.What do mean by aarh ?

Arithmetic average roughness height.

40.which are the different types of gaskets ?
    Full face, spiral wound, octagonal ring type, metal jacketed and inside bolt circle.

 

 

RBI |API 580 | ESL | API Training Institute In Trichy

RBI

Risk-Based Inspection

RBI

General

a) understanding the design premise;
b) planning the RBI assessment;
c) data and information collection;
d) identifying damage mechanisms and failure modes;
e) assessing probability of failure (POF);
f) assessing COF;
g) risk determination, assessment, and management;
h) risk management with inspection activities and process control;
i) other risk mitigation activities;
j) reassessment and updating;
k) roles, responsibilities, training, and qualifications;
l) documentation and recordkeeping.

RBI Benefits and Limitations

RBI plans should include cost-effective actions along with a
projected risk mitigation.

Implementation of these plans provides one of the following:
a) an overall reduction in risk for the facilities and equipment assessed,
b) an acceptance/understanding of the current risk.

RBI is based on sound, proven risk assessment and management principles. Nonetheless, RBI will not compensate
for:
c) inaccurate or missing information,
d) inadequate designs or faulty equipment installation,
e) operating outside the acceptable IOWs,
f) not effectively executing the plans,
g) lack of qualified personnel or teamwork,
h) lack of sound engineering or operational judgment.

Using RBI as a Continuous Improvement Tool

Utilization of RBI provides a vehicle for continuously improving the inspection of facilities and systematically reducing
the risk associated with pressure boundary failures. As new data (such as inspection results and industry experiences
with similar processes) becomes available or when changes occur (e.g. operating conditions), reassessment of the
RBI program can be made that will provide a refreshed view of the risks. Risk management plans should then be
adjusted appropriately.

RBI as an Integrated Management Tool

RBI is a risk assessment and management tool that addresses an area of risk management not completely
addressed in other organizational risk management efforts such as process hazards analyses (PHA), IOWs or
reliability centered maintenance (RCM). Integration of these risk management efforts, including RBI, is key to the
success of a risk management program.

Scope

Industry Scope

Although the risk management principles and concepts that RBI is built on are universally applicable, this RP is
specifically targeted at the application of RBI in the hydrocarbon and chemical process industry.

Flexibility in Application

Because of the broad diversity in organizations’ size, culture, federal and/or local regulatory requirements, this RP
offers users the flexibility to apply the RBI methodology within the context of existing corporate risk management
practices and to accommodate unique local circumstances.

Mechanical Integrity Focused

The RBI process is focused on maintaining the mechanical integrity of pressure equipment items and minimizing the
risk of loss of containment due to deterioration. RBI is not a substitute for a PHA or hazard and operability
assessment (HAZOP).

Equipment Covered

a) Pressure Vessels—All pressure containing components.
b) Process Piping—Pipe and piping components.
c) Storage Tanks—Atmospheric and pressurized.
d) Rotating Equipment—Pressure containing components.
e) Boilers and Heaters—Pressurized components.
f) Heat exchangers (shells, floating heads, channels, and bundles).
g) Pressure-relief devices.

Equipment Not Covered

a) instrument and control systems,
b) electrical systems,
c) structural systems,
d) machinery components (except pump and compressor casings).

Target Audience

The primary audience for this RP is inspection and engineering personnel who are responsible for the mechanical
integrity and operability of equipment covered by this RP. However, while an organization’s inspection/materials
engineering group may champion the RBI initiative, RBI is not exclusively an inspection activity.